The IP rating, which stands for Ingress Protection, measures a light bulb’s resistance to dirt and water. Though not as much of a concern for indoor lighting (except in rooms exposed to water, like the bathroom), this resistance is paramount for light fixtures exposed to the elements.
A lower number indicates less protection, meaning the light bulbs are at risk of damage and could pose a safety hazard. But if the rating correctly matches your needs, you can expect a longer lifespan and better durability. So, it’s important to understand how to read this label and choose a light fixture that’s specifically rated for outdoor use.
The IP rating is made up of two numbers: The first measures the bulb’s resistance to solid particles, while the second measures its resistance to moisture1. Whether you’re purchasing a light bulb for an indoor or outdoor fixture, take both numbers into consideration.
The first number refers to the level of protection from solids, including dust and dirt, and measures resistance; 0–6. The higher the number, the more protection you can expect from the light bulb:
The second number measures moisture resistance, from 0–9, with a lower rating protecting against minor droplets and splashes, while a higher number can resist water immersion. Here is what this rating means:
Now that you understand what each number means, you can choose light bulbs with an IP rating that meets your needs. Always choose the minimum IP rating for the light bulb’s intended use to ensure that safety standards are met.
Depending on the location, your lighting may need minimal protection from dust and moisture. For any rooms not exposed to water, such as bedrooms, closets, and living rooms, an IP20 rating is sufficient.
But for kitchens and bathrooms, choose at least an IP44 rating, which protects against water splashes. This rating is also safe for protected outdoor lights, such as a covered porch or patio.
Semi-outdoor areas, including the garage, should have an IP54 rating, indicating resistance to damage from splashes of water and dust2.
Outdoor light bulbs need to meet a higher rating to be considered safe for outdoor use. You should always choose a minimum rating of IP65, which fully protects against dirt, rainfall, and snow. This rating is ideal for flood lights and garden lights.
While an IP65 rating is considered waterproof, if you live in a climate prone to severe weather, you may want to opt for a rating of IP66, which can withstand more powerful streams of water. And if you’re comparing IP66 versus IP67, only choose the latter—or higher—if you’re purchasing lights for inside a pool or sauna. Otherwise, IP65 and IP66 are suitable for most outdoor lighting applications.
Keep in mind that a higher number isn’t always better. Installing an IP67-rated bulb or higher for a fixture as simple as a flood light doesn’t offer any significant benefits and will likely be expensive.
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